On August 4, 1987, British firm Blue Arrow made a surprise bid to purchase Manpower for $1.2 billion in cash, or $75 a share for all 16 million outstanding shares. On June 27, 1986, Manpower went public once again, registering 300,000 shares of common stock with the SEC. Return to public company takeover by Blue Arrow (1986–1990) and the sold Pen business retained the Parker Pen name. Upon the completion of the sale, Parker Pen renamed itself Manpower Inc.
In January 1985, Fromstein became President of Parker Pen in October of the same year, Fromstein announced the private sale of the pen business as Manpower had grown to represent 90% of Parker's sales while the pen business struggled. Fromstein, Manpower Chairman of the Board.
A new subsidiary of Parker would own 80% of the common stock, with the remaining 20% purchased by Mitchell S. On August 18, 1975, upon the retirement of co-founder Elmer Winter, the Parker Pen Company announced its acquisition of Manpower for $28.2 million. In 1968, Manpower Technical is established, expanding to offer specialized temporary employees outside office clerical and industrial settings. On March 31, 1967, Manpower registered 300,000 shares of common stock offered for sale at $28 per share. The company opened its 100th foreign office and 500th office globally in Istanbul, Turkey on February 7, 1967. īy 1967, Manpower advertising claimed the company has over 500 offices throughout the world. In 1962, Manpower went public, listing shares on the New York Stock Exchange. The ad bills Manpower as the world's largest temporary help service with over 300 offices globally. A 1964 advertisement claims that the White Glove Girl carries an official training certificate that she is trained in: adapting quickly to new office routine, advanced telephone technique, dictation technique, transcribing services, good filing technique, fine points of electric typing, care of office equipment, keeping work confidential, starting the work day right, office etiquette, wardrobe and grooming, and dealing with office emergencies.
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In “The Temp Economy: From Kelly Girls to Permatemps in Postwar America”, Hatton posits that the images in these advertisements were carefully curated to be “respectable sex symbols” and very purposefully not displaying images of men or nonwhites and emphasizing that the White Glove Girls were “specially certified” as code for white & middle-class and not recent immigrants or black migrants. It also specifies that the company offered the following divisions: Office Services, Industrial Help, Salespower, Inc., and Technical Services. It cites Manpower's 240 offices in the US and Canada and 15 offices in Europe. They symbolize quality and efficiency.” A 1962 advertisement from TIME features model Judy Newton who was the public face of Manpower in the 1960s as “The Girl in the White Gloves”. Winter described the company's strategy: "We chose white gloves as a symbol … because they seem to represent everything that is feminine, neat, and proper. “To avoid union opposition, they developed a clever strategy, casting temp work as “women's work,” and advertising thousands of images of young, white, middle-class women doing a variety of short-term office jobs.” In 1961, Manpower spent $1 million to place advertisements in Sunday papers across the country featuring their “White Glove Girls”. The growing temporary employment category has been said to be a new category of work intentionally exempt from union protections. The White Glove Girl and public offering (1961–1975) īy 1952, Manpower had expanded in the US to Minneapolis, Cleveland, Cincinnati, New York, Pittsburgh, and Boston in 1954, the company offered its first franchise in 1956, the company went international with offices in Montreal, Toronto, and the UK and in 1957, Manpower established operations in France. The two incorporated the company in Delaware, and in June 1948, opened offices in downtown Milwaukee and Chicago.
By this account, in 1948, Scheinfeld conceived of Manpower, arrived at the name and early logo over lunch with friend and advertiser Marvin Frank, and invited Winter to invest as a minority stockholder and co-founder. Scheinfeld indicates that the idea for the company was, in fact, Aaron Scheinfeld's when at the close of World War II, he worked with a company on contracts to mothball military equipment and envisioned a temporary help service. In his book “A History of Manpower, Inc.® 1948–1976”, James D. They raised $7,000 and opened their first storefront in Milwaukee with the name Manpower suggested by a friend. The pair was inspired when they found themselves looking for secretarial help to file a brief on a tight deadline with the Wisconsin Supreme Court. logo in use from 1948 to the mid-1960s Founding and expansion (1948–1961) Įlmer Winter and his law partner Aaron Scheinfeld co-founded Manpower in 1948.
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